{"id":2157,"date":"2026-10-27T12:01:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T11:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/?p=2157"},"modified":"2026-10-27T12:02:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T11:02:40","slug":"coupe-circuit-boursier-c7cfb6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/coupe-circuit-boursier-c7cfb6\/","title":{"rendered":"Le coupe-circuit boursier am\u00e9ricain (MWCB) : comment les seuils de 7, 13 et 20 % suspendent la cotation des actions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le coupe-circuit boursier am\u00e9ricain, appel\u00e9 Market-Wide Circuit Breaker (MWCB), suspend la cotation de l&rsquo;ensemble des actions cot\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis quand l&rsquo;indice S&#038;P 500 chute de 7 %, 13 % ou 20 % par rapport \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture de la veille, selon la r\u00e8gle NYSE 7.12, qui r\u00e9git aujourd&rsquo;hui ce dispositif. Ce seuil est recalcul\u00e9 chaque matin, et chaque niveau d\u00e9clenche une pause de dur\u00e9e diff\u00e9rente, selon le document de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence publi\u00e9 par la NYSE.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Trois seuils calcul\u00e9s chaque jour \u00e0 partir de la cl\u00f4ture pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente<\/h2>\n<p>Le dispositif repose sur trois niveaux de baisse, tous mesur\u00e9s en pourcentage par rapport au cours de cl\u00f4ture du S&#038;P 500 de la s\u00e9ance pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. La NYSE le formule ainsi : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/publicdocs\/nyse\/NYSE_MWCB_FAQ.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab A MWCB can be triggered at three circuit breaker thresholds measured by a decrease against the prior day&rsquo;s Closing Price of the S&#038;P 500 Index &#8212; 7% (Level 1), 13% (Level 2), and 20% (Level 3) \u00bb<\/a>. Concr\u00e8tement, les valeurs en points d&rsquo;indice correspondant \u00e0 7 %, 13 % et 20 % sont recalcul\u00e9es chaque matin \u00e0 partir de la cl\u00f4ture de la veille, puisqu&rsquo;elles d\u00e9pendent directement de ce niveau de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Des horaires de d\u00e9clenchement diff\u00e9rents selon le niveau<\/h2>\n<p>Les niveaux 1 et 2 ne peuvent pas d\u00e9clencher de pause \u00e0 n&rsquo;importe quel moment de la journ\u00e9e. La NYSE pr\u00e9cise que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/publicdocs\/nyse\/NYSE_MWCB_FAQ.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab Level 1 and Level 2 can be triggered between 9:30 a.m. and 3:25 p.m. Level 3 can be triggered at any time \u00bb<\/a>. Autrement dit, si une chute de 7 % ou 13 % survient apr\u00e8s 15h25 heure de New York, la pause correspondante ne se d\u00e9clenche pas ; seul le niveau 3, le plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re, reste actif \u00e0 tout moment de la s\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Des dur\u00e9es de pause qui d\u00e9pendent du niveau atteint<\/h2>\n<p>La dur\u00e9e de l&rsquo;arr\u00eat de cotation diff\u00e8re fortement selon le seuil franchi. Toujours selon le m\u00eame document NYSE, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/publicdocs\/nyse\/NYSE_MWCB_FAQ.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab Level 1 and Level 2 breaches halt trading for a minimum of 15 minutes. Level 3 breach halts trading for the remainder of the trading day \u00bb<\/a>. Une chute de 7 % ou 13 % suspend donc la cotation pendant quinze minutes au minimum, avant une r\u00e9ouverture, tandis qu&rsquo;une chute de 20 % arr\u00eate la cotation pour le reste de la journ\u00e9e, sans r\u00e9ouverture possible avant le lendemain.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le r\u00e8glement limite aussi le nombre de d\u00e9clenchements possibles par journ\u00e9e pour les deux premiers niveaux. La NYSE indique que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/publicdocs\/nyse\/NYSE_MWCB_FAQ.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab a Level 1 and Level 2 breach can be triggered only once per trading day \u00bb<\/a>. Un seul passage au niveau 1 et un seul passage au niveau 2 sont donc possibles dans une m\u00eame s\u00e9ance ; seul le niveau 3 met fin \u00e0 la cotation sans cette limite, puisqu&rsquo;il cl\u00f4ture directement la journ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Des effets qui d\u00e9passent le seul march\u00e9 des actions<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9clenchement d&rsquo;un MWCB ne concerne pas uniquement les actions elles-m\u00eames. La NYSE pr\u00e9cise que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyse.com\/publicdocs\/nyse\/NYSE_MWCB_FAQ.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab If the equities market triggers a MWCB halt, the NYSE Arca Options and NYSE American Options markets will halt trading. Any trades that occur after the halt is triggered will be nullified \u00bb<\/a>. Les march\u00e9s d&rsquo;options li\u00e9s, NYSE Arca Options et NYSE American Options, s&rsquo;arr\u00eatent donc en m\u00eame temps que le march\u00e9 actions, et toute transaction ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;instant du d\u00e9clenchement est annul\u00e9e, quelle que soit la plateforme.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Une r\u00e9forme de 2012 qui a durci les seuils et raccourci les pauses<\/h2>\n<p>Les seuils actuels de 7, 13 et 20 % ne sont pas les premiers adopt\u00e9s par la SEC. Le r\u00e9gulateur am\u00e9ricain explique avoir proc\u00e9d\u00e9 en 2012 \u00e0 un changement de m\u00e9thode : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/2012-2012-107htm\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab Reducing the market decline percentage thresholds needed to trigger a circuit breaker to 7, 13, and 20 percent from the prior day&rsquo;s closing price, rather than declines of 10, 20, or 30 percent \u00bb<\/a>. Les seuils ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 abaiss\u00e9s, rendant le dispositif plus sensible \u00e0 des baisses moins extr\u00eames qu&rsquo;auparavant.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00eame r\u00e9forme a \u00e9galement raccourci la dur\u00e9e des pauses qui ne ferment pas le march\u00e9 pour la journ\u00e9e. La SEC pr\u00e9cise avoir proc\u00e9d\u00e9 en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/2012-2012-107htm\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab shortening the duration of trading halts that do not close the market for the day to 15 minutes, from 30, 60, or 120 minutes \u00bb<\/a>. Les pauses de niveau 1 et 2, qui pouvaient autrefois durer jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 deux heures, sont ainsi limit\u00e9es \u00e0 quinze minutes depuis cette r\u00e9forme.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<caption>Les trois niveaux du coupe-circuit boursier am\u00e9ricain (MWCB)<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr><th scope=\"col\">Niveau<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seuil de baisse<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Fen\u00eatre de d\u00e9clenchement<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Dur\u00e9e de la pause<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Niveau 1<\/th><td>7 %<\/td><td>9h30 \u00e0 15h25 (heure de New York)<\/td><td>15 minutes minimum<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Niveau 2<\/th><td>13 %<\/td><td>9h30 \u00e0 15h25 (heure de New York)<\/td><td>15 minutes minimum<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th scope=\"row\">Niveau 3<\/th><td>20 %<\/td><td>\u00c0 tout moment de la s\u00e9ance<\/td><td>Reste de la journ\u00e9e de cotation<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Ce dispositif, propre aux actions cot\u00e9es sur les bourses r\u00e9glement\u00e9es am\u00e9ricaines comme la NYSE, ne doit pas \u00eatre confondu avec le march\u00e9 des changes.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pour situer ce m\u00e9canisme parmi d&rsquo;autres dispositifs de protection, voir aussi l&rsquo;article sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/cloture-de-marge-cfd-2050bc\/\">cl\u00f4ture de marge CFD \u00e0 50 %<\/a>, qui d\u00e9crit un m\u00e9canisme diff\u00e9rent, propre aux comptes \u00e0 effet de levier. Comme l&rsquo;explique l&rsquo;article d\u00e9di\u00e9 au <a href=\"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/coupe-circuit-forex-9b0355\/\">coupe-circuit sur le Forex<\/a>, aucun m\u00e9canisme \u00e9quivalent n&rsquo;existe c\u00f4t\u00e9 change, puisque ce march\u00e9 fonctionne de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e, sans bourse centrale capable d&rsquo;imposer une pause g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de cotation.<\/p>\n\n<p>D&rsquo;autres incidents de march\u00e9 illustrent comment un dysfonctionnement technique, distinct d&rsquo;un MWCB, peut aussi paralyser des transactions en quelques minutes : c&rsquo;est le cas du <a href=\"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/bug-knight-capital-fa599c\/\">bug logiciel de Knight Capital<\/a>, qui a co\u00fbt\u00e9 460 millions de dollars en 45 minutes sans qu&rsquo;aucun coupe-circuit ne soit d\u00e9clench\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur le coupe-circuit boursier<\/h2>\n<h3>Le coupe-circuit boursier s&rsquo;applique-t-il \u00e0 toutes les bourses du monde ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non, le MWCB d\u00e9crit ici est sp\u00e9cifique au march\u00e9 actions am\u00e9ricain et repose sur la r\u00e8gle NYSE 7.12. Il s&rsquo;applique aux actions cot\u00e9es sur les bourses r\u00e9glement\u00e9es am\u00e9ricaines, et son fonctionnement pr\u00e9cis, avec ses trois seuils et ses dur\u00e9es de pause, n&rsquo;est document\u00e9 que pour ce march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Peut-on d\u00e9clencher plusieurs fois le niveau 1 dans la m\u00eame journ\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non, la NYSE pr\u00e9cise qu&rsquo;un seul d\u00e9clenchement de niveau 1 et un seul d\u00e9clenchement de niveau 2 sont possibles par journ\u00e9e de cotation. Si l&rsquo;indice remonte puis rechute en dessous du m\u00eame seuil de 7 % plus tard dans la s\u00e9ance, cela ne provoque pas une seconde pause de niveau 1.<\/p>\n<h3>Que se passe-t-il si le niveau 20 % est atteint en fin de journ\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n<p>Le niveau 3, fix\u00e9 \u00e0 20 %, peut \u00eatre d\u00e9clench\u00e9 \u00e0 tout moment de la s\u00e9ance, contrairement aux niveaux 1 et 2 limit\u00e9s \u00e0 la fen\u00eatre 9h30-15h25. D\u00e8s qu&rsquo;il est atteint, la cotation s&rsquo;arr\u00eate pour le reste de la journ\u00e9e, sans r\u00e9ouverture avant la s\u00e9ance suivante.<\/p>\n<h3>Les march\u00e9s d&rsquo;options sont-ils concern\u00e9s par cette pause ?<\/h3>\n<p>Oui, la NYSE indique que le d\u00e9clenchement d&rsquo;un MWCB sur le march\u00e9 actions entra\u00eene aussi l&rsquo;arr\u00eat des march\u00e9s NYSE Arca Options et NYSE American Options. Toute transaction ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;instant du d\u00e9clenchement, sur ces march\u00e9s li\u00e9s, est annul\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wgf-meta wgf-byline wp-block-paragraph\">Quentin Belsack<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le coupe-circuit boursier am\u00e9ricain, appel\u00e9 Market-Wide Circuit Breaker (MWCB), suspend la cotation de l&rsquo;ensemble des actions cot\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis quand l&rsquo;indice S&#038;P 500 chute de 7 %, 13 % ou 20 % par rapport \u00e0 la cl\u00f4ture de la veille, selon la r\u00e8gle NYSE 7.12, qui r\u00e9git aujourd&rsquo;hui ce dispositif. Ce seuil est recalcul\u00e9 chaque [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2156,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wgf_editorial_author":"quentin","_wgf_editorial_kind":"pedagogique","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comprendre-le-trading"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Coupe-circuit boursier MWCB : seuils 7, 13, 20 %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le coupe-circuit boursier (MWCB) suspend la cotation des actions si le S&amp;P 500 chute de 7, 13 ou 20 % en s\u00e9ance, selon la NYSE.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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