{"id":1847,"date":"2026-10-22T12:00:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T10:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/?p=1847"},"modified":"2026-10-22T12:01:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T10:01:07","slug":"spread-cfd-forex-5fb52d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/spread-cfd-forex-5fb52d\/","title":{"rendered":"Spread CFD et Forex : comment ce co\u00fbt invisible se forme et pourquoi il varie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le spread CFD Forex est la diff\u00e9rence entre le prix de vente (bid) et le prix d’achat (ask) d’un instrument, et il constitue un co\u00fbt de transaction pour l’investisseur m\u00eame en l’absence de commission classique. L’Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers le rappelle explicitement \u00e0 propos des CFD : \u00ab\u00a0Acheter et vendre des CFD entra\u00eene des frais correspondant au co\u00fbt du spread, c’est-\u00e0-dire de la diff\u00e9rence entre le prix d’achat et de vente du CFD\u00a0\u00bb (AMF, Les CFD<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n

Pour un trader qui d\u00e9couvre les produits \u00e0 effet de levier, ce co\u00fbt n’appara\u00eet sur aucune ligne de relev\u00e9 intitul\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0frais\u00a0\u00bb : il est d\u00e9j\u00e0 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans les deux prix affich\u00e9s. Comprendre comment il se forme permet d’\u00e9valuer le vrai co\u00fbt d’une strat\u00e9gie, en particulier quand les positions sont ouvertes et ferm\u00e9es fr\u00e9quemment.<\/p>\n\n

Ce que le spread repr\u00e9sente concr\u00e8tement<\/h2>\n

Un instrument cot\u00e9 sur les march\u00e9s CFD ou Forex affiche toujours deux prix simultan\u00e9s : le prix de vente (bid), auquel le trader peut vendre imm\u00e9diatement, et le prix d’achat (ask), auquel il peut acheter imm\u00e9diatement. L’ask est toujours sup\u00e9rieur au bid, et cet \u00e9cart est le spread.<\/p>\n

L’AMF donne un exemple chiffr\u00e9 simple pour illustrer ce m\u00e9canisme : \u00ab\u00a0Par exemple, un CFD s’ach\u00e8te 101 \u20ac et se vend 99 \u20ac\u00a0\u00bb (AMF, Les CFD<\/a>). Dans cet exemple, l’\u00e9cart de 2 euros repr\u00e9sente le co\u00fbt imm\u00e9diat support\u00e9 par l’investisseur d\u00e8s l’ouverture puis la fermeture th\u00e9orique de la position, ind\u00e9pendamment de toute commission factur\u00e9e en plus.<\/p>\n

Ce m\u00e9canisme n’est pas propre aux CFD europ\u00e9ens. La SEC am\u00e9ricaine d\u00e9crit le m\u00eame principe sur le march\u00e9 des valeurs mobili\u00e8res hors cote, o\u00f9 un teneur de march\u00e9 (market maker) ach\u00e8te au bid et revend au ask : \u00ab\u00a0The term ‘bid’ refers to the highest price a market maker will pay at any given time to purchase a specified number of shares of a stock. The term ‘ask’ refers to the lowest price at which a market maker will sell the stock\u00a0\u00bb et pr\u00e9cise que \u00ab\u00a0Market makers make their money on the spread\u00a0\u00bb (SEC, Spread<\/a>). Le spread r\u00e9mun\u00e8re donc directement celui qui fournit la liquidit\u00e9, qu’il s’agisse d’un teneur de march\u00e9 ou d’un courtier CFD.<\/p>\n\n

Spread fixe et spread variable : deux logiques diff\u00e9rentes<\/h2>\n

Un spread fixe reste identique quelles que soient les conditions de march\u00e9 : le courtier garantit un \u00e9cart constant entre bid et ask, ce qui facilite le calcul du co\u00fbt avant d’ouvrir une position mais signifie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que ce co\u00fbt est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 un niveau plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour compenser le risque pris par le courtier en p\u00e9riode agit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Un spread variable fluctue en continu en fonction de l’offre et de la demande r\u00e9elles sur le march\u00e9 sous-jacent. Il peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s resserr\u00e9 quand la liquidit\u00e9 est abondante, puis s’\u00e9largir nettement d\u00e8s que les \u00e9changes se rar\u00e9fient ou que l’incertitude augmente.<\/p>\n

Le choix entre les deux n’est pas neutre pour la gestion du risque : un trader qui ouvre et ferme ses positions rapidement subit l’effet du spread \u00e0 chaque aller-retour, que celui-ci soit fixe ou variable.<\/p>\n\n

Pourquoi le spread peut s’\u00e9largir brutalement<\/h2>\n

Le spread n’est pas un chiffre fig\u00e9 : il se recalcule en permanence selon la liquidit\u00e9 disponible sur l’instrument concern\u00e9. Autour des annonces macro\u00e9conomiques majeures, \u00e0 l’ouverture ou \u00e0 la fermeture d’une s\u00e9ance, ou sur un instrument peu \u00e9chang\u00e9, les teneurs de march\u00e9 et courtiers \u00e9largissent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement l’\u00e9cart entre bid et ask pour se prot\u00e9ger du risque de ne pas trouver de contrepartie au prix affich\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ce co\u00fbt se superpose souvent \u00e0 d’autres frais. La d\u00e9cision de l’Autorit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne des march\u00e9s financiers (ESMA) qui a temporairement restreint la commercialisation des CFD aupr\u00e8s des clients particuliers en 2018 situe explicitement le spread parmi plusieurs co\u00fbts cumul\u00e9s : \u00ab\u00a0In addition to transaction fees, spreads and various other financing costs and charges may be applied. These include commissions […] and\/or account management fees\u00a0\u00bb (ESMA, Decision 2018\/796<\/a>). L’ESMA souligne ainsi que le spread s’ajoute, et ne remplace pas n\u00e9cessairement, d’autres frais comme les frais de financement overnight d\u00e9j\u00e0 abord\u00e9s sur ce blog.<\/p>\n\n

Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur le spread CFD Forex<\/h2>\n

Le spread est-il diff\u00e9rent d’une commission ?<\/h3>\n

Oui. Une commission est un frais explicite factur\u00e9 en plus, alors que le spread est d\u00e9j\u00e0 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans les deux prix affich\u00e9s (bid et ask). L’AMF rappelle que le co\u00fbt du spread existe d\u00e8s l’achat et la vente d’un CFD, ind\u00e9pendamment d’une commission \u00e9ventuelle.<\/p>\n

Un spread resserr\u00e9 signifie-t-il toujours un co\u00fbt plus faible ?<\/h3>\n

En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral oui pour une transaction isol\u00e9e, puisque l’\u00e9cart entre bid et ask est plus faible. Mais un spread variable resserr\u00e9 \u00e0 un instant donn\u00e9 peut s’\u00e9largir brutalement quelques secondes plus tard si la liquidit\u00e9 se d\u00e9grade, ce qui rend le co\u00fbt r\u00e9el impr\u00e9visible \u00e0 l’avance.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi le spread s’\u00e9largit-il pendant les annonces \u00e9conomiques ?<\/h3>\n

Parce que la liquidit\u00e9 se r\u00e9duit temporairement : les teneurs de march\u00e9 prennent plus de risque \u00e0 coter un prix ferme quand la volatilit\u00e9 attendue est forte, et ils compensent ce risque en \u00e9cartant le bid et l’ask.<\/p>\n

Le spread est-il r\u00e9glement\u00e9 en Europe ?<\/h3>\n

L’ESMA encadre la commercialisation des CFD aux clients particuliers et identifie le spread comme l’un des co\u00fbts qui doivent \u00eatre port\u00e9s \u00e0 la connaissance du client, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des commissions et des frais de financement, sans toutefois fixer de niveau maximal pour le spread lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n

Pour aller plus loin sur les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s aux CFD, vous pouvez consulter notre article sur les limites de levier ESMA sur CFD<\/a> et celui consacr\u00e9 aux protections contre le solde n\u00e9gatif<\/a>, deux m\u00e9canismes qui compl\u00e8tent la compr\u00e9hension globale du co\u00fbt r\u00e9el d’une position CFD.<\/p>\n\n\n

Quentin Belsack<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le spread CFD Forex est la diff\u00e9rence entre le prix de vente (bid) et le prix d’achat (ask) d’un instrument, et il constitue un co\u00fbt de transaction pour l’investisseur m\u00eame en l’absence de commission classique. L’Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers le rappelle explicitement \u00e0 propos des CFD : \u00ab\u00a0Acheter et vendre des CFD entra\u00eene des frais […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1846,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wgf_editorial_author":"quentin","_wgf_editorial_kind":"pedagogique","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comprendre-le-trading"],"yoast_head":"\nSpread CFD Forex : comment ce co\u00fbt se forme<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le spread CFD Forex est l'\u00e9cart entre prix d'achat et de vente, int\u00e9gr\u00e9 au co\u00fbt de la position, selon l'AMF et la SEC.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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