{"id":1369,"date":"2026-10-09T12:01:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T10:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/?p=1369"},"modified":"2026-10-09T12:02:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T10:02:21","slug":"seuil-de-cloture-esma-16af08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/seuil-de-cloture-esma-16af08\/","title":{"rendered":"Seuil de cl\u00f4ture ESMA \u00e0 50 % sur CFD : comment fonctionne la r\u00e8gle par compte"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture ESMA est le niveau de marge en dessous duquel un courtier de CFD doit cl\u00f4turer les positions ouvertes d’un client de d\u00e9tail. Depuis le 1er ao\u00fbt 2018, ce seuil est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 50 % de la marge initiale requise, calcul\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut au niveau du compte entier, comme le pr\u00e9cise l’Autorit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne des march\u00e9s financiers (ESMA)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Pourquoi l’ESMA a fix\u00e9 ce seuil<\/h2>\n

En 2018, l’ESMA a adopt\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de mesures d’intervention sur les produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s destin\u00e9s aux clients non professionnels, parmi lesquelles la standardisation du seuil de cl\u00f4ture de marge. L’objectif affich\u00e9 \u00e9tait d’harmoniser une pratique jusqu’alors variable selon les courtiers, en imposant un niveau commun \u00e0 toute l’Union europ\u00e9enne. Le texte de l’ESMA l’indique ainsi : \u00ab A margin close out rule on a per account basis. This will standardise the percentage of margin (at 50% of minimum required margin) at which providers are required to close out one or more retail client’s open CFDs \u00bb (ESMA, communiqu\u00e9 du 1er juin 2018<\/a>). La mesure est entr\u00e9e en vigueur le 1er ao\u00fbt 2018 pour l’ensemble des CFD propos\u00e9s aux clients de d\u00e9tail dans l’Union europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n

Comment se calcule le seuil, par compte ou par position<\/h2>\n

Par d\u00e9faut, le calcul se fait au niveau du compte : d\u00e8s que la somme des fonds disponibles et des profits latents de toutes les positions CFD ouvertes tombe sous 50 % de la marge initiale totale exig\u00e9e pour ces positions, le courtier doit cl\u00f4turer une ou plusieurs positions, dans les conditions les plus favorables au client. L’ESMA a toutefois confirm\u00e9 qu’un fournisseur de CFD peut appliquer la r\u00e8gle position par position plut\u00f4t que par compte, toujours au m\u00eame taux de 50 % de la marge initiale exig\u00e9e pour la position concern\u00e9e, comme le rapporte un cabinet d’avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 : \u00ab ESMA has confirmed that a CFD provider may instead impose a margin close out rule on a per position basis at 50% of the initial margin requirement for the specific position \u00bb (McCann FitzGerald<\/a>). Le document pr\u00e9paratoire de l’ESMA du 27 mars 2018 employait d\u00e9j\u00e0 cette formulation \u00e0 50 % de la marge initiale minimale requise, avant la publication d\u00e9finitive au Journal officiel.<\/p>\n\n

Ce taux de 50 % s’inscrit dans le m\u00eame cadre r\u00e9glementaire que la marge initiale elle-m\u00eame, dont le pourcentage varie selon la cat\u00e9gorie d’actif sous-jacent au CFD.<\/p>\n\n

Ce que le seuil de cl\u00f4ture garantit, et ce qu’il ne garantit pas<\/h2>\n

Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture limite l’ampleur des pertes en coupant les positions avant qu’elles n’atteignent un niveau catastrophique pour le compte. Mais il ne prot\u00e8ge pas, \u00e0 lui seul, contre un solde n\u00e9gatif : en cas de mouvement de march\u00e9 violent, l’ex\u00e9cution de la cl\u00f4ture peut intervenir \u00e0 un prix moins favorable que celui qui aurait neutralis\u00e9 exactement la perte, laissant le compte en territoire n\u00e9gatif. C’est une mesure distincte, la protection de solde n\u00e9gatif, qui garantit que le client ne peut jamais perdre plus que les fonds d\u00e9pos\u00e9s sur son compte. L’ESMA distingue clairement les deux m\u00e9canismes dans son communiqu\u00e9 : \u00ab Negative balance protection on a per account basis. This will provide an overall guaranteed limit on retail client losses \u00bb (ESMA<\/a>). Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture agit en amont, pour r\u00e9duire la probabilit\u00e9 qu’une perte extr\u00eame survienne ; la protection de solde n\u00e9gatif agit en aval, comme garde-fou ultime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Les deux m\u00e9canismes r\u00e9glementaires de protection du client de d\u00e9tail sur CFD<\/caption>\n
M\u00e9canisme<\/th>Seuil ou port\u00e9e<\/th>Entr\u00e9e en vigueur<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Seuil de cl\u00f4ture (margin close out)<\/td>50 % de la marge initiale requise<\/td>1er ao\u00fbt 2018<\/td><\/tr>\n
Protection de solde n\u00e9gatif<\/td>Limite globale des pertes au montant d\u00e9pos\u00e9<\/td>1er ao\u00fbt 2018<\/td><\/tr>\n
Calcul par position (option du courtier)<\/td>50 % de la marge initiale de la position<\/td>1er ao\u00fbt 2018<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n

Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture s’applique-t-il \u00e0 tous les traders sur CFD ?<\/h3>\n

Non, il concerne sp\u00e9cifiquement les clients de d\u00e9tail (non professionnels) dans l’Union europ\u00e9enne. Les mesures de l’ESMA, dont ce seuil fait partie, visent \u00e0 encadrer la commercialisation des CFD aupr\u00e8s de cette cat\u00e9gorie de clients depuis le 1er ao\u00fbt 2018.<\/p>\n\n

Que se passe-t-il concr\u00e8tement quand le seuil de 50 % est atteint ?<\/h3>\n

Le courtier doit cl\u00f4turer une ou plusieurs positions ouvertes du client, dans les conditions les plus favorables \u00e0 ce dernier, d\u00e8s que les fonds disponibles et les profits latents tombent sous 50 % de la marge initiale exig\u00e9e. Ce calcul se fait par d\u00e9faut au niveau de l’ensemble du compte.<\/p>\n\n

Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture emp\u00eache-t-il un solde n\u00e9gatif ?<\/h3>\n

Pas \u00e0 lui seul. Il r\u00e9duit le risque en coupant les positions avant une perte extr\u00eame, mais un mouvement de march\u00e9 rapide peut tout de m\u00eame faire basculer le solde en n\u00e9gatif lors de l’ex\u00e9cution. C’est la protection de solde n\u00e9gatif, m\u00e9canisme distinct, qui garantit que les pertes du client ne d\u00e9passent jamais les fonds d\u00e9pos\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n

Un courtier peut-il calculer ce seuil position par position plut\u00f4t que par compte ?<\/h3>\n

Oui, l’ESMA a confirm\u00e9 que les fournisseurs de CFD peuvent choisir d’appliquer la r\u00e8gle de cl\u00f4ture par position individuelle, toujours au taux de 50 % de la marge initiale exig\u00e9e pour cette position pr\u00e9cise, plut\u00f4t que de l’appliquer globalement \u00e0 l’ensemble du compte.<\/p>\n\n

Pour aller plus loin sur les m\u00e9canismes de marge associ\u00e9s, voir notre article sur la marge exig\u00e9e sur un CFD selon la cat\u00e9gorie d’actif<\/a> et celui consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la protection de solde n\u00e9gatif<\/a>, qui d\u00e9taille ce que cette garantie couvre r\u00e9ellement.<\/p>\n\n\n

Quentin Belsack<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture ESMA est le niveau de marge en dessous duquel un courtier de CFD doit cl\u00f4turer les positions ouvertes d’un client de d\u00e9tail. Depuis le 1er ao\u00fbt 2018, ce seuil est fix\u00e9 \u00e0 50 % de la marge initiale requise, calcul\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut au niveau du compte entier, comme le pr\u00e9cise l’Autorit\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1368,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wgf_editorial_author":"quentin","_wgf_editorial_kind":"pedagogique","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comprendre-le-trading"],"yoast_head":"\nSeuil de cl\u00f4ture ESMA 50 % : la r\u00e8gle expliqu\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le seuil de cl\u00f4ture ESMA fixe \u00e0 50 % de la marge initiale le niveau o\u00f9 un courtier CFD doit cl\u00f4turer vos positions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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