{"id":1319,"date":"2026-10-07T12:00:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/?p=1319"},"modified":"2026-10-07T12:01:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:01:13","slug":"marge-exigee-cfd-c16973","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/marge-exigee-cfd-c16973\/","title":{"rendered":"Marge exig\u00e9e sur un CFD : comment le pourcentage d\u00e9pend de la cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La marge exig\u00e9e sur un CFD correspond au pourcentage de la valeur totale de la position qu&rsquo;un trader doit d\u00e9poser pour l&rsquo;ouvrir, et ce pourcentage d\u00e9pend directement de la cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif sous-jacent. D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;instrument FCA 2019\/78 publi\u00e9 par le r\u00e9gulateur britannique, ce taux va de 3,33 % pour les paires de devises majeures \u00e0 50 % pour les cryptomonnaies.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Pourquoi le pourcentage de marge varie selon l&rsquo;actif<\/h2>\n<p>Le pourcentage de marge n&rsquo;est pas un chiffre arbitraire fix\u00e9 par chaque courtier : il d\u00e9coule d&rsquo;un ratio de levier maximal d\u00e9fini par cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif. En 2018, l&rsquo;ESMA a motiv\u00e9 cette hi\u00e9rarchie par la volatilit\u00e9 jug\u00e9e propre \u00e0 chaque sous-jacent, comme l&rsquo;indique son communiqu\u00e9 officiel : \u00ab\u00a030:1 for major currency pairs; 20:1 for non-major currency pairs, gold and major indices; 10:1 for commodities other than gold and non-major equity indices; 5:1 for individual equities and other reference values; 2:1 for cryptocurrencies\u00a0\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esma.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/library\/esma71-98-128_press_release_product_intervention.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">(ESMA, communiqu\u00e9 de 2018)<\/a>. Plus le levier maximal autoris\u00e9 est \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus le pourcentage de marge exig\u00e9 est faible, et inversement.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Le d\u00e9tail par cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif selon la FCA<\/h2>\n<p>La FCA a transpos\u00e9 ce principe en pourcentages de marge initiale pr\u00e9cis dans son instrument de 2019. Pour une paire de devises majeure ou une dette souveraine pertinente, le texte pr\u00e9cise que le courtier doit exiger \u00ab\u00a03.33% of the value of the exposure that the trade provides\u00a0\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/api-handbook.fca.org.uk\/files\/instrument\/2019\/FCA_2019_78.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">(FCA 2019\/78, COBS 22.5.11R)<\/a>, ce qui correspond \u00e0 un levier maximal de 30 pour 1. Pour un indice boursier majeur, une paire de devises mineure ou l&rsquo;or, la marge demand\u00e9e passe \u00e0 5 %, soit un levier de 20 pour 1. Pour un indice boursier mineur ou une mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re autre que l&rsquo;or, elle atteint 10 %. Pour une action ou un actif non list\u00e9 par ailleurs, elle monte \u00e0 20 %. Enfin, pour une cryptomonnaie, cat\u00e9gorie jug\u00e9e la plus risqu\u00e9e par le r\u00e9gulateur, la marge exig\u00e9e grimpe \u00e0 50 % de la valeur de l&rsquo;exposition, soit un levier plafonn\u00e9 \u00e0 2 pour 1.<\/p>\n\n<table>\n<caption>Pourcentage de marge initiale exig\u00e9 par cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif selon la FCA (instrument 2019\/78)<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr><th scope=\"col\">Cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Marge initiale exig\u00e9e<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Levier maximal correspondant<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Paire de devises majeure ou dette souveraine pertinente<\/td><td>3,33 %<\/td><td>30 pour 1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Indice boursier majeur, paire de devises mineure, or<\/td><td>5 %<\/td><td>20 pour 1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Indice boursier mineur, mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re autre que l&rsquo;or<\/td><td>10 %<\/td><td>10 pour 1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Action ou actif non list\u00e9 par ailleurs<\/td><td>20 %<\/td><td>5 pour 1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Cryptomonnaie<\/td><td>50 %<\/td><td>2 pour 1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h2>Comment calculer l&rsquo;exposition notionnelle de la position<\/h2>\n<p>Le pourcentage de marge s&rsquo;applique \u00e0 la valeur de l&rsquo;exposition que procure la position, et non au montant investi au comptant. La FCA illustre ce calcul par un exemple chiffr\u00e9 repris dans son texte : \u00ab\u00a0A firm offers a restricted speculative investment when the underlying asset is a 5 x leveraged index on gold. The value of the index is \u00a3800. The value of the exposure that the trade provides is therefore \u00a3800 x 5, or \u00a34000\u00a0\u00bb <a href=\"https:\/\/api-handbook.fca.org.uk\/files\/instrument\/2019\/FCA_2019_78.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">(FCA 2019\/78)<\/a>. Si ce m\u00eame indice sur l&rsquo;or relevait de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab\u00a0indice majeur ou or\u00a0\u00bb soumise \u00e0 5 % de marge, le d\u00e9p\u00f4t exig\u00e9 pour ouvrir la position serait de 200 livres, soit 5 % de 4000 livres, et non 5 % de 800 livres.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Ce que la marge exig\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouverture ne couvre pas<\/h2>\n<p>La marge exig\u00e9e d\u00e9crite ici concerne uniquement l&rsquo;ouverture de la position : elle fixe le d\u00e9p\u00f4t minimal n\u00e9cessaire pour entrer sur le march\u00e9, en fonction de la cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif retenue. Elle ne doit pas \u00eatre confondue avec le seuil de cl\u00f4ture automatique des positions lorsque la marge disponible se d\u00e9grade en cours de vie du trade, ni avec le fonctionnement des ordres stop ou <a href=\"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/ordre-a-seuil-de-declenchement-560ccb\/\">ordre \u00e0 seuil de d\u00e9clenchement<\/a> qui prot\u00e8gent la position une fois ouverte. Le co\u00fbt de portage li\u00e9 au <a href=\"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/compte-finance-sans-challenge\/\">financement overnight sur un CFD<\/a> s&rsquo;ajoute s\u00e9par\u00e9ment \u00e0 cette marge initiale.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<h3>La marge exig\u00e9e est-elle la m\u00eame chez tous les courtiers ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non, les pourcentages cit\u00e9s par la FCA constituent des minimums r\u00e9glementaires pour les clients retail en Europe et au Royaume-Uni. Un courtier peut exiger une marge plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que ce plancher, mais pas en dessous, d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;instrument 2019\/78.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Pourquoi les cryptomonnaies exigent-elles une marge si \u00e9lev\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ESMA justifie ce taux de 50 % par la volatilit\u00e9 jug\u00e9e la plus forte parmi les cat\u00e9gories d&rsquo;actifs couvertes, ce qui limite le levier maximal autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 2 pour 1 contre 30 pour 1 pour les devises majeures.<\/p>\n\n<h3>La marge se calcule-t-elle sur le montant investi ou sur l&rsquo;exposition totale ?<\/h3>\n<p>Elle se calcule sur la valeur de l&rsquo;exposition que procure la position, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire la valeur du sous-jacent multipli\u00e9e par le levier appliqu\u00e9, comme le montre l&rsquo;exemple chiffr\u00e9 de la FCA sur un indice aurif\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Cette marge initiale prot\u00e8ge-t-elle d&rsquo;un solde n\u00e9gatif ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non, elle fixe seulement le d\u00e9p\u00f4t n\u00e9cessaire pour ouvrir la position. La question du solde n\u00e9gatif rel\u00e8ve d&rsquo;une r\u00e8gle distincte, d\u00e9taill\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;article sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/wegetfunded.com\/fr\/blog\/protection-de-solde-negatif-191ac9\/\">protection de solde n\u00e9gatif sur CFD<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wgf-meta wgf-byline wp-block-paragraph\">Quentin Belsack<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La marge exig\u00e9e sur un CFD correspond au pourcentage de la valeur totale de la position qu&rsquo;un trader doit d\u00e9poser pour l&rsquo;ouvrir, et ce pourcentage d\u00e9pend directement de la cat\u00e9gorie d&rsquo;actif sous-jacent. D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;instrument FCA 2019\/78 publi\u00e9 par le r\u00e9gulateur britannique, ce taux va de 3,33 % pour les paires de devises majeures \u00e0 50 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wgf_editorial_author":"quentin","_wgf_editorial_kind":"pedagogique","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comprendre-le-trading"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marge exig\u00e9e CFD : le pourcentage selon l&#039;actif<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Marge exig\u00e9e sur un CFD : le pourcentage va de 3,33 % \u00e0 50 % selon la categorie d&#039;actif, d&#039;apres la FCA en 2019.\" \/>\n<meta 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